IELTS Writing
Темы эссе, полезная лексика, и примеры эссе
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Темы и лексика IELTS essays
Тема включает в себя:
- child psychology and development,
- ways of bringing up children,
- family discipline,
- child care,
- preschool learning,
- parental roles,
- family structures and roles (for example nuclear or extended families),
- adolescence, teenagers, and elderly family members
Тема включает в себя:
- fossil fuels and renewable fuels,
- climate change,
- threats to the environment (deforestation, pollution etc) and their effects,
- the biosphere, and animal life/human attitudes to animals
Тема включает в себя:
- human folklore,
- ceremonies and rituals,
- myths and legends,
- social customs,
- traditional languages,
- dress and arts,
- the impact of modern life on traditional lifestyles and differences in national habits
foster parents
people who have children living in their existing family for a fixed period, with the original parents’ agreement
guardians
People who are legally appointed to protect a child’s interests in the absence of parents.
In some countries, the government appoints a guardian if the parents die or experience severe difficulties.
In some countries, the government appoints a guardian if the parents die or experience severe difficulties.
role model
people that children look to and respect as good examples
ground rules
basic rules governing the way people can behave in a situation
conventions
traditions or social norms that most people follow
codes of conduct
voluntary rules which people accept in a situation
bullying
when children attack and intimidate other children
truancy
when a pupil leaves school without permission (verb = to play truant from school)
delinquency
minor crime (often by young people)
abduction
the crime of taking or kidnapping people for a criminal reason
peer pressure
the pressure from people in the same group to act in a certain way
Задание
Some people believe that children should spend all of their free time with their families. Others believe that this is unnecessary or even negative. Discuss the possible arguments on both sides, and say which side you personally support.
Band 9 model essay
Nobody can deny that parental influence is important for children, at least in cases where children live with their parents, foster parents, or guardians. However, it is by no means clear that children should spend time exclusively in the family, as we will see.
On the one hand, it may appear advisable for parents to act as role models and to establish ground rules for behavior by spending as much time as possible with their children. This allows the youngsters to absorb conventions and codes of conduct which they can then follow themselves, hopefully leading to an absence of problems such as bullying, truancy, and delinquency later on. Furthermore, being with the family should reduce the risk of children falling victim to crimes such as abduction, or coming under the influence of negative peer pressure.
On the other hand, we have to ask whether this is a practical proposition. In a society where
many families are dual-income, or where one parent’s role as breadwinner means he/she is away from the family for long periods, it is inevitable that children cannot spend all of their time with the family. Child-minding and after-school childcare are often used in these cases, and if managed properly, these can be perfectly viable alternatives. Equally, it seems that children can in some cases learn a considerable amount from their peers in addition to adults, and allowing them to play without direct supervision may be a benefit.
To conclude, it appears that, while family time is essential for bonding and absorbing patterns of behavior, there are definite advantages when children are outside the family too. This is provided that they are in a safe, well-behaved environment with peers who are themselves reasonably well brought-up.
Some people believe that children should spend all of their free time with their families. Others believe that this is unnecessary or even negative. Discuss the possible arguments on both sides, and say which side you personally support.
Band 9 model essay
Nobody can deny that parental influence is important for children, at least in cases where children live with their parents, foster parents, or guardians. However, it is by no means clear that children should spend time exclusively in the family, as we will see.
On the one hand, it may appear advisable for parents to act as role models and to establish ground rules for behavior by spending as much time as possible with their children. This allows the youngsters to absorb conventions and codes of conduct which they can then follow themselves, hopefully leading to an absence of problems such as bullying, truancy, and delinquency later on. Furthermore, being with the family should reduce the risk of children falling victim to crimes such as abduction, or coming under the influence of negative peer pressure.
On the other hand, we have to ask whether this is a practical proposition. In a society where
many families are dual-income, or where one parent’s role as breadwinner means he/she is away from the family for long periods, it is inevitable that children cannot spend all of their time with the family. Child-minding and after-school childcare are often used in these cases, and if managed properly, these can be perfectly viable alternatives. Equally, it seems that children can in some cases learn a considerable amount from their peers in addition to adults, and allowing them to play without direct supervision may be a benefit.
To conclude, it appears that, while family time is essential for bonding and absorbing patterns of behavior, there are definite advantages when children are outside the family too. This is provided that they are in a safe, well-behaved environment with peers who are themselves reasonably well brought-up.
contamination
pollution by poisons or dangerous elements
the biosphere
the relationship between all living things on the planet
emissions
gases entering the atmosphere
pollutant particles
microscopic elements of pollution
Nature, the environment and energy
Задание
Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution, and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?
Band 9 model essay
Water contamination is a serious form of pollution and one that can be challenging to rectify. There seem to be two main causes involved, and a variety of damaging effects on people and the biosphere, which we will discuss here.
Probably the main factor is the issue of emissions from cars, factories, and other human activities. These emissions contain damaging pollutant particles which can contaminate rainwater run-off and thus enter the water cycle, by transferring through the water table into aquifers, streams, and rivers. Filtration and processing are not really viable options for such large volumes of water, and so the water table remains tainted with these elements over long periods, as we see in Eastern Europe today. In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damaged the local environment, the accumulation can be very serious. The other major cause is accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside of controlled landfills or waste processing centers. Even small amounts of abandoned waste can enter water supplies through the ground, often undetected.
The effects on animal life can be severe, especially for species that are already endangered
by such threats as poaching, habitat loss, and food chain disruption. Contaminated water can lead to dwindling numbers or even potential extinction, as may indeed happen to the Asian tiger populations. The impact on human society can also be distressing, including the poisoning of drinking water, famine or drought due to lack of safe irrigation, and long-term loss of land as we see, for example, after the Bhopal poisoning catastrophe in India. Such effects tend to have an especially grave impact on the very poorest in society, with the least resources to counter the environmental effects.
Overall, we see that emissions and dumping are the main origins of the problem and that the effects on both humans and animals are exacerbated by the existing environmental, criminal, or social problems.
Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution, and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?
Band 9 model essay
Water contamination is a serious form of pollution and one that can be challenging to rectify. There seem to be two main causes involved, and a variety of damaging effects on people and the biosphere, which we will discuss here.
Probably the main factor is the issue of emissions from cars, factories, and other human activities. These emissions contain damaging pollutant particles which can contaminate rainwater run-off and thus enter the water cycle, by transferring through the water table into aquifers, streams, and rivers. Filtration and processing are not really viable options for such large volumes of water, and so the water table remains tainted with these elements over long periods, as we see in Eastern Europe today. In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damaged the local environment, the accumulation can be very serious. The other major cause is accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside of controlled landfills or waste processing centers. Even small amounts of abandoned waste can enter water supplies through the ground, often undetected.
The effects on animal life can be severe, especially for species that are already endangered
by such threats as poaching, habitat loss, and food chain disruption. Contaminated water can lead to dwindling numbers or even potential extinction, as may indeed happen to the Asian tiger populations. The impact on human society can also be distressing, including the poisoning of drinking water, famine or drought due to lack of safe irrigation, and long-term loss of land as we see, for example, after the Bhopal poisoning catastrophe in India. Such effects tend to have an especially grave impact on the very poorest in society, with the least resources to counter the environmental effects.
Overall, we see that emissions and dumping are the main origins of the problem and that the effects on both humans and animals are exacerbated by the existing environmental, criminal, or social problems.
Culture, art and traditions
Задание
Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution, and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?
Band 9 model essay
Water contamination is a serious form of pollution and one that can be challenging to rectify. There seem to be two main causes involved, and a variety of damaging effects on people and the biosphere, which we will discuss here.
Probably the main factor is the issue of emissions from cars, factories, and other human activities. These emissions contain damaging pollutant particles which can contaminate rainwater run-off and thus enter the water cycle, by transferring through the water table into aquifers, streams, and rivers. Filtration and processing are not really viable options for such large volumes of water, and so the water table remains tainted with these elements over long periods, as we see in Eastern Europe today. In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damaged the local environment, the accumulation can be very serious. The other major cause is accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside of controlled landfills or waste processing centers. Even small amounts of abandoned waste can enter water supplies through the ground, often undetected.
The effects on animal life can be severe, especially for species that are already endangered
by such threats as poaching, habitat loss, and food chain disruption. Contaminated water can lead to dwindling numbers or even potential extinction, as may indeed happen to the Asian tiger populations. The impact on human society can also be distressing, including the poisoning of drinking water, famine or drought due to lack of safe irrigation, and long-term loss of land as we see, for example, after the Bhopal poisoning catastrophe in India. Such effects tend to have an especially grave impact on the very poorest in society, with the least resources to counter the environmental effects.
Overall, we see that emissions and dumping are the main origins of the problem and that the effects on both humans and animals are exacerbated by the existing environmental, criminal, or social problems.
Pollution of rivers, lakes and seas is a major concern for people who seek to protect the environment. What are the possible causes of water pollution, and what effects does this have on animal life and human society?
Band 9 model essay
Water contamination is a serious form of pollution and one that can be challenging to rectify. There seem to be two main causes involved, and a variety of damaging effects on people and the biosphere, which we will discuss here.
Probably the main factor is the issue of emissions from cars, factories, and other human activities. These emissions contain damaging pollutant particles which can contaminate rainwater run-off and thus enter the water cycle, by transferring through the water table into aquifers, streams, and rivers. Filtration and processing are not really viable options for such large volumes of water, and so the water table remains tainted with these elements over long periods, as we see in Eastern Europe today. In situations where soil erosion and logging have already damaged the local environment, the accumulation can be very serious. The other major cause is accidental or deliberate dumping of waste products in places outside of controlled landfills or waste processing centers. Even small amounts of abandoned waste can enter water supplies through the ground, often undetected.
The effects on animal life can be severe, especially for species that are already endangered
by such threats as poaching, habitat loss, and food chain disruption. Contaminated water can lead to dwindling numbers or even potential extinction, as may indeed happen to the Asian tiger populations. The impact on human society can also be distressing, including the poisoning of drinking water, famine or drought due to lack of safe irrigation, and long-term loss of land as we see, for example, after the Bhopal poisoning catastrophe in India. Such effects tend to have an especially grave impact on the very poorest in society, with the least resources to counter the environmental effects.
Overall, we see that emissions and dumping are the main origins of the problem and that the effects on both humans and animals are exacerbated by the existing environmental, criminal, or social problems.
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